Python
Intermediate
What is Python Typing Module?
A standard library module providing type hints for function signatures and variables, enabling static analysis without runtime enforcement.
The typing module (introduced in Python 3.5) provides tools for type annotations: List[int], Dict[str, Any], Optional[str], Union[int, str], Tuple, Set, and custom types via TypeVar and Generic. Type hints document expected types, enable IDE autocompletion, and allow static analysis tools (mypy, pyright, pytype) to catch type errors before runtime. Modern Python (3.10+) supports Union types with X | Y syntax and built-in generics (list[int] instead of List[int]). Type hints are not enforced at runtime by default — they are metadata for tools and developers. TypedDict, Protocol, and Literal provide advanced typing capabilities.
