DevOps Advanced

What is Immutable Infrastructure?

An approach where servers are never modified after deployment — changes require building and deploying entirely new server instances.

With immutable infrastructure, servers are replaced rather than updated. New code or configuration changes mean building a new image, deploying new instances, and destroying old ones. This eliminates configuration drift and "snowflake" servers.

Benefits include consistency (every server is identical), easy rollback (deploy previous image), and reproducibility. Technologies include machine images (AMIs), containers (Docker), and infrastructure as code. Combined with blue-green deployments for zero-downtime updates.

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Infrastructure as Code (IaC)

The practice of managing infrastructure through machine-readable configuration files rather than manual processes.

A documented set of standardized procedures for handling routine operations and incident response in production systems.

A package manager for Kubernetes that simplifies deploying and managing applications using reusable, configurable charts.

Semantic Versioning

A versioning scheme using MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH numbers that communicates the nature of changes in each release.

An endpoint or mechanism that reports whether an application is running correctly and ready to handle requests.

A server that acts as the single entry point for API requests, handling routing, authentication, rate limiting, and monitoring.

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