DevOps Advanced

What is Immutable Infrastructure?

An approach where servers are never modified after deployment — changes require building and deploying entirely new server instances.

With immutable infrastructure, servers are replaced rather than updated. New code or configuration changes mean building a new image, deploying new instances, and destroying old ones. This eliminates configuration drift and "snowflake" servers.

Benefits include consistency (every server is identical), easy rollback (deploy previous image), and reproducibility. Technologies include machine images (AMIs), containers (Docker), and infrastructure as code. Combined with blue-green deployments for zero-downtime updates.

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Blue-Green Deployment

A deployment strategy using two identical environments where traffic is switched from the old version to the new one instantly.

A structured analysis conducted after an incident to understand what happened, why, and how to prevent recurrence — without assigning blame.

Immutable Deployment

A deployment strategy where new versions replace existing instances entirely rather than updating them in place.

A tool for defining and running multi-container Docker applications using a YAML configuration file.

A file containing build rules and commands that automates compilation and common project tasks using the make utility.

An infrastructure layer that handles service-to-service communication, providing load balancing, encryption, and observability.

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