What is Prometheus?
An open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit that collects time-series metrics using a pull-based model.
Prometheus scrapes metrics from instrumented targets at configured intervals. It stores data in a time-series database and provides PromQL (Prometheus Query Language) for powerful querying. Alertmanager handles alert routing and notification.
Key concepts include metrics types (counter, gauge, histogram, summary), labels for dimensional data, service discovery, and recording rules. Prometheus + Grafana is the de facto standard for Kubernetes monitoring.