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Databases Intermediate

What is Normalization?

The process of organizing database tables to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity.

Normalization structures a database into normal forms (1NF through 5NF, typically up to 3NF). First Normal Form eliminates repeating groups. Second Normal Form removes partial dependencies. Third Normal Form removes transitive dependencies.

Benefits include reduced data duplication, consistent updates, and smaller tables. Trade-offs include more JOINs and potentially slower reads. Denormalization intentionally adds redundancy for read performance.

Related Terms

Primary Key
A column or set of columns that uniquely identifies each row in a database table.
CTE (Common Table Expression)
A temporary named result set defined within a SQL statement using the WITH clause, improving query readability and enabling recursion.
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An open-source, in-memory data store used as a database, cache, message broker, and queue with sub-millisecond response times.
PostgreSQL
An advanced open-source relational database known for its reliability, feature richness, and standards compliance.
Migration
A version-controlled change to a database schema that can be applied and reversed systematically.
MVCC (Multi-Version Concurrency Control)
A technique where the database maintains multiple versions of data to allow concurrent reads and writes without locking.
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