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Databases Intermediate

What is Database Connection Pooling?

A technique that maintains a cache of database connections for reuse, reducing the overhead of creating new connections.

Connection pooling eliminates the expensive process of establishing new database connections for each request. A pool manager maintains a set of open connections that application threads borrow and return. Tools like PgBouncer (PostgreSQL), HikariCP (Java), and built-in pool support in frameworks manage this automatically. Key settings include minimum/maximum pool size, connection timeout, idle timeout, and max lifetime. Proper pooling can handle thousands of application-level connections with just tens of actual database connections.

Related Terms

Index
A data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval operations on database tables at the cost of additional storage.
Upsert
A database operation that inserts a new row if it does not exist, or updates the existing row if it does.
Transaction
A sequence of database operations that are treated as a single unit — either all succeed or all are rolled back.
EXPLAIN Plan
A database command that shows how the query planner will execute a SQL query, revealing join methods, scan types, and estimated costs.
Database Constraint
Rules enforced by the database to maintain data integrity, including NOT NULL, UNIQUE, CHECK, PRIMARY KEY, and FOREIGN KEY.
Time-Series Database
A database optimized for storing and querying timestamped data points like metrics, sensor readings, and event logs.
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