Programming Concepts Beginner

What is Debugging?

The process of finding and fixing errors (bugs) in software code to ensure correct program behavior.

Debugging is a systematic process: reproduce the bug, isolate the cause, fix the code, and verify the fix. Techniques include print/log statements, interactive debuggers (breakpoints, step-through), and rubber duck debugging (explaining the problem aloud).

Modern IDEs provide powerful debugging tools with variable inspection, call stacks, and conditional breakpoints. Logging frameworks (with levels like DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR) help track issues in production.

Related Terms

The implied cost of additional rework caused by choosing a quick solution now instead of a better approach that would take longer.

A surface indication in code that usually corresponds to a deeper problem in the system, suggesting the need for refactoring.

Restructuring existing code without changing its external behavior to improve readability, maintainability, and performance.

SOLID Principles

Five design principles for writing maintainable, flexible object-oriented code: Single Responsibility, Open-Closed, Liskov Substitution, Interface Segregation, and Dependency Inversion.

Functional Programming

A programming paradigm that treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions, avoiding state changes and mutable data.

A function that captures and retains access to variables from its enclosing scope, even after that scope has finished executing.

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