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Web Development Beginner

What is DOM (Document Object Model)?

A programming interface for HTML documents that represents the page structure as a tree of objects that can be manipulated with JavaScript.

The DOM represents HTML as a tree of nodes. JavaScript can read, modify, add, and remove elements: document.getElementById("id"), element.innerHTML, document.createElement("div"), parent.appendChild(child). Events (click, submit, keypress) trigger JavaScript functions.

Direct DOM manipulation is slow for complex updates. Modern frameworks (React, Vue) use a Virtual DOM — an in-memory representation that calculates minimal changes before updating the real DOM. Understanding the DOM is fundamental to frontend development.

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CSS Flexbox
A CSS layout model that provides efficient arrangement of items within a container, handling alignment, distribution, and spacing.
HTTP/2
The second major version of HTTP that improves performance through multiplexing, header compression, and server push.
Meta Tags
HTML elements in the page head that provide metadata about the document for browsers, search engines, and social media platforms.
API (Application Programming Interface)
A set of rules and protocols that allows different software applications to communicate and exchange data.
WebSocket
A communication protocol that enables full-duplex, real-time data exchange between a browser and server over a single connection.
Web Components
A set of browser-native APIs for creating reusable, encapsulated custom HTML elements with their own styling and behavior.
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