Databases Intermediate

What is Migration?

A version-controlled change to a database schema that can be applied and reversed systematically.

Database migrations track schema changes over time, similar to version control for code. Each migration defines an "up" (apply) and "down" (revert) operation, such as creating tables, adding columns, or modifying constraints.

Migrations ensure all environments (development, staging, production) have identical database schemas. They are run in sequence and tracked to prevent re-application. Tools include Flyway, Liquibase, Alembic, and framework-specific migration systems.

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Related Terms

Prepared Statement

A pre-compiled SQL template that uses parameters instead of literal values, preventing SQL injection and improving performance.

The process of copying and maintaining database data across multiple servers for redundancy, failover, and read scaling.

An open-source, in-memory data store used as a database, cache, message broker, and queue with sub-millisecond response times.

A set of four properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) that guarantee reliable database transactions.

A query that transforms rows into columns, creating a pivot table view of aggregated data.

Stored Procedure

A precompiled collection of SQL statements stored in the database that can be executed as a single unit.

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