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What is Database Proxy?

A middleware server that sits between applications and databases, providing connection pooling, load balancing, and query routing.

Database proxies intercept database connections and provide transparent features. PgBouncer (PostgreSQL) pools connections, dramatically reducing server overhead. ProxySQL (MySQL) adds query routing, caching, and read/write splitting.

Benefits include connection multiplexing (many app connections → few DB connections), transparent failover, query caching, read/write splitting (route reads to replicas), and traffic shaping. Proxies are essential for scaling database connections in microservices architectures.

Related Terms

Prepared Statement
A pre-compiled SQL template that uses parameters instead of literal values, preventing SQL injection and improving performance.
Data Warehouse
A centralized repository optimized for analytical queries that integrates data from multiple operational sources.
Foreign Key
A column that creates a link between two tables by referencing the primary key of another table.
Database Constraint
Rules enforced by the database to maintain data integrity, including NOT NULL, UNIQUE, CHECK, PRIMARY KEY, and FOREIGN KEY.
Database Sharding
A horizontal scaling strategy that distributes data across multiple database servers based on a partition key.
Trigger
A database object that automatically executes a specified function when certain events (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE) occur on a table.
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