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What is Database Proxy?

A middleware server that sits between applications and databases, providing connection pooling, load balancing, and query routing.

Database proxies intercept database connections and provide transparent features. PgBouncer (PostgreSQL) pools connections, dramatically reducing server overhead. ProxySQL (MySQL) adds query routing, caching, and read/write splitting.

Benefits include connection multiplexing (many app connections → few DB connections), transparent failover, query caching, read/write splitting (route reads to replicas), and traffic shaping. Proxies are essential for scaling database connections in microservices architectures.

Related Terms

Connection String
A formatted string containing all parameters needed to establish a connection to a database server.
ETL (Extract, Transform, Load)
A data pipeline process that extracts data from sources, transforms it into a suitable format, and loads it into a destination system.
Materialized View
A database object that stores the precomputed result of a query, offering faster reads at the cost of periodic refresh.
Query Optimization
The process of improving database query performance through indexing, query rewriting, and schema design techniques.
Index
A data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval operations on database tables at the cost of additional storage.
Upsert
A database operation that inserts a new row if it does not exist, or updates the existing row if it does.
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