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What is Database Proxy?

A middleware server that sits between applications and databases, providing connection pooling, load balancing, and query routing.

Database proxies intercept database connections and provide transparent features. PgBouncer (PostgreSQL) pools connections, dramatically reducing server overhead. ProxySQL (MySQL) adds query routing, caching, and read/write splitting.

Benefits include connection multiplexing (many app connections → few DB connections), transparent failover, query caching, read/write splitting (route reads to replicas), and traffic shaping. Proxies are essential for scaling database connections in microservices architectures.

Related Terms

NoSQL
A category of databases that store data in non-tabular formats, optimized for specific data models and access patterns.
Query Optimization
The process of improving database query performance through indexing, query rewriting, and schema design techniques.
Time-Series Database
A database optimized for storing and querying timestamped data points like metrics, sensor readings, and event logs.
B-Tree Index
The default index type in most databases that organizes data in a balanced tree structure for efficient searching, sorting, and range queries.
Crosstab Query
A query that transforms rows into columns, creating a pivot table view of aggregated data.
Database Connection Pooling
A technique that maintains a cache of database connections for reuse, reducing the overhead of creating new connections.
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