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Security Beginner

What is Security Audit?

A systematic examination of an information system to assess compliance with security policies, identify vulnerabilities, and verify controls.

Security audits evaluate whether systems meet defined security standards and best practices. Types include internal audits (by the organization), external audits (by third parties), compliance audits (SOC 2, ISO 27001, PCI DSS, GDPR), and technical audits (vulnerability assessments, penetration tests). Audit scope covers access controls, data protection, network security, change management, incident response procedures, and backup/recovery. Deliverables include findings classified by severity, risk assessments, and remediation recommendations. Audit logs — records of who did what and when — are essential evidence. Regular audits demonstrate security maturity and build customer trust.

Related Terms

Certificate Pinning
A security technique that associates a host with its expected TLS certificate or public key, preventing man-in-the-middle attacks with fraudulent certificates.
Input Validation
The process of verifying that user-supplied data meets expected formats, types, and ranges before processing it.
Secret Management
The practice of securely storing, accessing, and rotating sensitive credentials like API keys, passwords, and certificates.
Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)
A security method requiring two different forms of identification before granting access to an account.
Encryption
The process of converting readable data into an unreadable format using algorithms, reversible only with the correct key.
OAuth 2.0
An authorization framework that allows third-party applications to access user resources without sharing passwords.
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