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Databases Intermediate

What is ACID?

A set of four properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) that guarantee reliable database transactions.

ACID properties ensure database reliability. Atomicity means transactions are all-or-nothing. Consistency ensures data moves from one valid state to another. Isolation prevents concurrent transactions from interfering. Durability guarantees committed data survives system failures.

ACID compliance is a key feature of relational databases. NoSQL databases often relax these properties (BASE model: Basically Available, Soft-state, Eventually consistent) for better scalability.

Related Terms

Upsert
A database operation that inserts a new row if it does not exist, or updates the existing row if it does.
JOIN
An SQL operation that combines rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.
Database Proxy
A middleware server that sits between applications and databases, providing connection pooling, load balancing, and query routing.
Database Constraint
Rules enforced by the database to maintain data integrity, including NOT NULL, UNIQUE, CHECK, PRIMARY KEY, and FOREIGN KEY.
CTE (Common Table Expression)
A temporary named result set defined within a SQL statement using the WITH clause, improving query readability and enabling recursion.
Materialized View
A database object that stores the precomputed result of a query, offering faster reads at the cost of periodic refresh.
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