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Databases Intermediate

What is ACID?

A set of four properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) that guarantee reliable database transactions.

ACID properties ensure database reliability. Atomicity means transactions are all-or-nothing. Consistency ensures data moves from one valid state to another. Isolation prevents concurrent transactions from interfering. Durability guarantees committed data survives system failures.

ACID compliance is a key feature of relational databases. NoSQL databases often relax these properties (BASE model: Basically Available, Soft-state, Eventually consistent) for better scalability.

Related Terms

MVCC (Multi-Version Concurrency Control)
A technique where the database maintains multiple versions of data to allow concurrent reads and writes without locking.
Soft Delete
A pattern where records are marked as deleted with a flag or timestamp rather than being physically removed from the database.
ORM (Object-Relational Mapping)
A technique that lets you interact with a database using object-oriented code instead of writing raw SQL queries.
Time-Series Database
A database optimized for storing and querying timestamped data points like metrics, sensor readings, and event logs.
Primary Key
A column or set of columns that uniquely identifies each row in a database table.
Foreign Key
A column that creates a link between two tables by referencing the primary key of another table.
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