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Databases Intermediate

What is ACID?

A set of four properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) that guarantee reliable database transactions.

ACID properties ensure database reliability. Atomicity means transactions are all-or-nothing. Consistency ensures data moves from one valid state to another. Isolation prevents concurrent transactions from interfering. Durability guarantees committed data survives system failures.

ACID compliance is a key feature of relational databases. NoSQL databases often relax these properties (BASE model: Basically Available, Soft-state, Eventually consistent) for better scalability.

Related Terms

MVCC (Multi-Version Concurrency Control)
A technique where the database maintains multiple versions of data to allow concurrent reads and writes without locking.
Data Warehouse
A centralized repository optimized for analytical queries that integrates data from multiple operational sources.
Connection Pool
A cache of database connections that can be reused, avoiding the overhead of creating new connections for each request.
Primary Key
A column or set of columns that uniquely identifies each row in a database table.
B-Tree Index
The default index type in most databases that organizes data in a balanced tree structure for efficient searching, sorting, and range queries.
Window Function
An SQL function that performs calculations across a set of rows related to the current row without collapsing the result set.
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