Programming Concepts Beginner

What is Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?

A programming paradigm that organizes software design around objects containing data and behavior.

OOP uses four main principles: Encapsulation (bundling data with methods, hiding internals), Inheritance (creating new classes from existing ones), Polymorphism (one interface, multiple implementations), and Abstraction (simplifying complex systems).

OOP models real-world entities as objects. A Car class might have attributes (color, speed) and methods (accelerate, brake). Languages like Java, Python, C++, and PHP support OOP.

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A programming paradigm that treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions, avoiding state changes and mutable data.

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Restructuring existing code without changing its external behavior to improve readability, maintainability, and performance.

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