Programming Concepts Beginner

What is Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?

A programming paradigm that organizes software design around objects containing data and behavior.

OOP uses four main principles: Encapsulation (bundling data with methods, hiding internals), Inheritance (creating new classes from existing ones), Polymorphism (one interface, multiple implementations), and Abstraction (simplifying complex systems).

OOP models real-world entities as objects. A Car class might have attributes (color, speed) and methods (accelerate, brake). Languages like Java, Python, C++, and PHP support OOP.

Related Terms

A data structure that maps keys to values using a hash function, providing average O(1) time complexity for lookups, insertions, and deletions.

Two memory regions: the stack stores function call data with automatic cleanup, while the heap stores dynamically allocated objects.

SOLID Principles

Five design principles for writing maintainable, flexible object-oriented code: Single Responsibility, Open-Closed, Liskov Substitution, Interface Segregation, and Dependency Inversion.

The process of finding and fixing errors (bugs) in software code to ensure correct program behavior.

The practice of designing application programming interfaces that are consistent, intuitive, and maintainable for developers to consume.

Twelve-Factor App

A methodology of twelve best practices for building modern, scalable, maintainable software-as-a-service applications.

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