IT Concept: Memoization
An optimization technique that caches function results by their inputs to avoid redundant computation.
Memoization — Caches function outputs keyed by inputs so repeat calls return instantly. A subset of caching specific to pure functions. In Python: @functools.lru_cache. In JavaScript/React: useMemo, React.memo. Essential for expensive pure computations like recursive algorithms (Fibonacci, DP) and derived UI state.