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Networking Intermediate

What is NAT (Network Address Translation)?

A method of mapping private IP addresses to public IP addresses, allowing multiple devices to share a single public IP.

NAT allows devices on a private network to access the internet through a shared public IP address. Your home router performs NAT, translating private addresses (192.168.x.x) to your public IP for outgoing traffic.

Types include Static NAT (one-to-one), Dynamic NAT (pool of public IPs), and PAT/NAPT (port-based, most common). NAT also provides a basic security layer by hiding internal network structure.

Related Terms

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
A network protocol used for diagnostic and error reporting, including ping and traceroute functionality.
Network Bridge
A device or software that connects two or more network segments at the data link layer, forwarding traffic based on MAC addresses.
WireGuard
A modern, lightweight VPN protocol that uses state-of-the-art cryptography and minimal code for fast, secure tunneling.
Reverse Proxy
A server that sits between clients and backend servers, forwarding client requests and returning server responses on their behalf.
Token Bucket Algorithm
A rate limiting algorithm that allows burst traffic by accumulating tokens at a fixed rate and consuming them per request.
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
A protocol for monitoring and managing network devices like routers, switches, servers, and printers remotely.
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