Programming Concepts Intermediate

What is Thread?

The smallest unit of execution within a process, allowing concurrent operations to run within a single program.

Threads share the same memory space within a process, enabling parallel execution of tasks. Multi-threading improves performance for CPU-bound tasks on multi-core processors and keeps applications responsive during I/O operations.

Challenges include race conditions (concurrent access to shared data), deadlocks (threads waiting on each other), and thread safety. Synchronization primitives (mutexes, semaphores) coordinate access. Modern approaches include async/await and actor models.

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Event-Driven Architecture

A software design pattern where components communicate by producing and consuming events rather than direct method calls.

A way of organizing and storing data in a computer so it can be accessed and modified efficiently.

Version Control

A system that records changes to files over time, allowing you to recall specific versions, collaborate, and track history.

The ability of a program to manage multiple tasks that can make progress during overlapping time periods.

SOLID Principles Breakdown

Five object-oriented design principles that guide developers in creating maintainable, flexible, and scalable software systems.

Two memory regions: the stack stores function call data with automatic cleanup, while the heap stores dynamically allocated objects.

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