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Python Intermediate

What is Type Hints?

Optional annotations that indicate the expected types of variables, function parameters, and return values.

Type hints (PEP 484) add optional type information to Python code: def greet(name: str) -> str. They do not enforce types at runtime but enable static analysis tools like mypy, IDE autocompletion, and better documentation.

Common types include int, str, List[int], Dict[str, Any], Optional[str], Union[int, str], and Tuple[str, ...]. The typing module provides advanced type constructs.

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Objects that define __get__, __set__, or __delete__ methods, controlling how attribute access works on other objects.
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A concise syntax pattern for creating collections by transforming and filtering items from iterables.
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An object that manages resources by defining setup and cleanup actions using the with statement.
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A mutex in CPython that allows only one thread to execute Python bytecode at a time, limiting true parallelism.
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A built-in data structure that stores key-value pairs with O(1) average lookup time using hash tables.
Python Iterator Protocol
The interface requiring __iter__() and __next__() methods, enabling objects to be used in for loops and other iteration contexts.
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