What is Python Packaging with Poetry?

Poetry replaces the fragmented Python packaging toolchain (setup.py, setup.cfg, requirements.txt, pip, virtualenv) with a single tool. It uses pyproject.toml for project metadata and dependency specification, poetry.lock for deterministic builds, and manages virtual environments automatically. Key commands: poetry init (create project), poetry add package (add dependency), poetry install (install from lock file), poetry build (create distribution), poetry publish (upload to PyPI). Poetry resolves dependency conflicts intelligently, supports dependency groups (dev, test), and provides version constraint syntax similar to npm/Composer. It follows PEP 517/518 standards for modern Python packaging.