IT Glossary & Dictionary

A horizontal scaling strategy that distributes data across multiple database servers based on a partition key.

A decorator that automatically generates __init__, __repr__, __eq__, and other special methods for classes that mainly store data.

A strategy and set of tools that detect and prevent unauthorized transmission of sensitive data outside an organization.

A way of organizing and storing data in a computer so it can be accessed and modified efficiently.

A centralized repository optimized for analytical queries that integrates data from multiple operational sources.

An attack that floods a target server or network with traffic from multiple sources to overwhelm it and deny service to legitimate users.

A situation where two or more transactions permanently block each other by each holding locks that the other needs.

The process of finding and fixing errors (bugs) in software code to ensure correct program behavior.

A function that modifies or extends the behavior of another function or class without changing its source code.

A design pattern where objects receive their dependencies from external sources rather than creating them internally.

A reusable solution template for commonly occurring problems in software design.

A protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses and network configuration to devices on a network.

A built-in data structure that stores key-value pairs with O(1) average lookup time using hash tables.

A system for limiting the amount of disk space or number of files that individual users or groups can consume on a filesystem.

A high-level web framework that follows the batteries-included philosophy, providing ORM, admin, auth, and more out of the box.

A command that displays kernel ring buffer messages, useful for diagnosing hardware and driver issues.

A hierarchical naming system that translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses.

A protocol that encrypts DNS queries by sending them over HTTPS, preventing eavesdropping and manipulation of DNS traffic.

The time it takes for DNS record changes to spread across all DNS servers worldwide, typically taking up to 48 hours.

Different types of DNS entries that map domain names to various information like IP addresses, mail servers, and verification strings.

A platform for building, shipping, and running applications in lightweight, isolated containers.

A tool for defining and running multi-container Docker applications using a YAML configuration file.

A mechanism for persisting data generated by Docker containers, surviving container restarts and removals.

A string literal placed as the first statement in a module, class, or function to document its purpose and usage.

A programming interface for HTML documents that represents the page structure as a tree of objects that can be manipulated with JavaScript.

A software development principle that aims to reduce code duplication by abstracting common patterns into reusable components.

A distributed computing paradigm that processes data near the source of generation rather than in a centralized cloud data center.

An AWS service that automatically distributes incoming application traffic across multiple targets like EC2 instances and containers.

A distributed search and analytics engine built on Apache Lucene, optimized for full-text search and log analysis.

A popular log management platform combining Elasticsearch (search), Logstash (processing), and Kibana (visualization).

The process of converting readable data into an unreadable format using algorithms, reversible only with the correct key.

A built-in class for creating enumerated constants — named groups of related values that improve code readability.

The PATH variable that tells the shell which directories to search when looking for executable commands.

A dynamic value stored outside the application code that configures behavior without hardcoding sensitive or environment-specific data.

The acceptable amount of unreliability allowed for a service, calculated as 100% minus the Service Level Objective.

A data pipeline process that extracts data from sources, transforms it into a suitable format, and loads it into a destination system.

A software design pattern where components communicate by producing and consuming events rather than direct method calls.

A mechanism for managing runtime errors using try, except, else, and finally blocks to prevent program crashes.

A PostgreSQL command that shows the execution plan of a query along with actual runtime statistics for performance tuning.

A database command that shows how the query planner will execute a SQL query, revealing join methods, scan types, and estimated costs.

A creational design pattern that provides an interface for creating objects without specifying their exact classes.

A modern, high-performance Python web framework for building APIs with automatic OpenAPI documentation and type validation.

A command-line utility for managing disk partition tables on Linux systems.

A technique that allows enabling or disabling features in production without deploying new code, enabling safe rollouts and A/B testing.

A security mechanism that controls who can read, write, or execute files and directories in Unix-like systems.

A powerful command for searching files and directories based on various criteria like name, size, type, and modification time.

A network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing traffic based on predetermined rules.

A dynamic firewall management tool for Linux that provides a D-Bus interface for managing firewall rules with zones.