IT Glossary & Dictionary

A class that defines a common interface for subclasses by declaring abstract methods that must be implemented.

A set of four properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) that guarantee reliable database transactions.

An extension to standard Linux file permissions that allows setting fine-grained access rights for specific users and groups beyond owner/group/other.

A software development methodology that emphasizes iterative development, collaboration, and rapid response to change.

A technique for making asynchronous HTTP requests from a web page without reloading the entire page.

A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or performing a computation, defined as a finite sequence of instructions.

An agentless automation tool for configuration management, application deployment, and task automation using YAML playbooks.

A network routing technique where the same IP address is announced from multiple locations, directing users to the nearest server.

A set of rules and protocols that allows different software applications to communicate and exchange data.

The practice of designing application programming interfaces that are consistent, intuitive, and maintainable for developers to consume.

A server that acts as the single entry point for API requests, handling routing, authentication, rate limiting, and monitoring.

A strategy for limiting the number of API requests a client can make within a specified time window to protect server resources.

Practices and mechanisms for protecting APIs from unauthorized access, data breaches, and abuse.

A Linux security module that restricts program capabilities using per-application profiles, simpler to configure than SELinux.

A declarative GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes that automatically syncs cluster state with Git repositories.

A protocol that maps IP addresses to physical MAC addresses on a local network segment.

A packaged, versioned output of a build process — such as a Docker image, JAR file, or compiled binary — ready for deployment.

A centralized storage system for build artifacts like compiled binaries, packages, and container images used in CI/CD pipelines.

A Python library for writing concurrent code using async/await syntax for non-blocking I/O operations.

Automatically adjusting the number of computing resources based on current demand to maintain performance and optimize costs.

A powerful text processing language for extracting and manipulating structured data from files or command output.

The world's largest cloud computing platform, offering hundreds of services for compute, storage, networking, and more.

Microsoft's cloud computing platform offering IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS services for building, deploying, and managing applications.

The maximum rate of data transfer across a network connection, measured in bits per second.

A text file containing a series of shell commands that are executed sequentially by the Bash interpreter.

The routing protocol that makes the internet work by exchanging routing information between autonomous systems.

A mathematical notation that describes the worst-case performance of an algorithm as input size grows.

An efficient search algorithm that finds a target value in a sorted array by repeatedly dividing the search interval in half.

A deployment strategy using two identical environments where traffic is switched from the old version to the new one instantly.

A modern compression algorithm developed by Google that achieves better compression ratios than Gzip for web content delivery.

An attack method that systematically tries all possible combinations of passwords or keys until the correct one is found.

The default index type in most databases that organizes data in a balanced tree structure for efficient searching, sorting, and range queries.

Storing copies of frequently accessed data in faster storage to reduce load times and server processing.

A deployment strategy that gradually rolls out changes to a small subset of users before deploying to the entire infrastructure.

An HTML element that tells search engines which URL is the preferred version of a page when duplicate or similar content exists at multiple URLs.

A software development framework for defining cloud infrastructure using familiar programming languages instead of YAML or JSON templates.

A distributed network of servers that delivers web content to users from the geographically closest location.

A distributed task queue for Python that enables asynchronous processing of background jobs and scheduled tasks.

A security technique that associates a host with its expected TLS certificate or public key, preventing man-in-the-middle attacks with fraudulent certificates.

A Linux kernel feature that limits, accounts for, and isolates resource usage of process groups.

The discipline of deliberately introducing failures into a system to test its resilience and identify weaknesses before they cause outages.

A command to change file and directory access permissions using numeric or symbolic notation.

A command to change the owner and group of files and directories in Linux.

A mechanism that changes the apparent root directory for a process and its children, creating an isolated filesystem view.

Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment — automated practices for building, testing, and deploying code changes.

A compact method for specifying IP addresses and their associated routing prefix using a slash followed by the prefix length.

A blueprint for creating objects that bundles data (attributes) and behavior (methods) together.

Code that is easy to read, understand, and maintain — following consistent conventions, meaningful naming, and single-responsibility functions.